Immigrants as Franchisees

A key target for a franchise owner is an immigrant. As this article from the Wall Street Journal points out, immigrants tend to be ideally suited for to be a franchise owner. For more information on how to franchise a business or franchise development, go to www.francorp.com.

OCTOBER 13, 2008FranchisingChain ReactionFor many immigrants, owning a franchise is the path to the American dream

By RICHARD GIBSONhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB122347728915015415.html?mod=djkeywordLike many immigrants, Lyudmila Khononov turned to a franchise to fulfill her American dream.When she was 10 years old, Mrs. Khononov's family left Odessa, Ukraine, for the U.S. in search of a better life. "There was a lot of discrimination against Jews," she recalls of their exodus 30 years ago.As they began anew in this country, "we had nothing except a dream," Mrs. Khononov says. "But our parents told us we could be anything we wanted to be."After marrying, Mrs. Khononov and her husband, Gregory, ran a diner in Queens, N.Y., for six years. But when it came time to think about expansion in 2001, they borrowed money from a bank and friends and turned to a franchise instead.Mrs. Khononov says she spotted "tremendous growth potential" for the Subway fast-food concept in neighboring Brooklyn, where there were only a handful of the outlets, primarily in gas stations.She says they considered it a fairly easy concept to operate since "you don't have to prepare all the food from scratch" and the franchiser's big marketing campaign would give their business instant recognition. Her husband, also an immigrant, adds that it would have been much harder for them to expand the diner on their own.The decision has paid off. The Khononovs now operate four Subway stores in Brooklyn. And this past summer, Subway, a unit of Doctor's Associates Inc., named Mrs. Khononov its top multistore franchisee in North America, among 12,200 competitors.Built-In HelpMany immigrants look to establish themselves by running their own business. And the chance to start afresh after enduring hardships and adversity in another country often stokes their resolve to succeed. But starting -- and successfully running -- a small business is hard enough without the language and cultural barriers that immigrants can encounter.So, many immigrants turn to a franchise concept. With its proven track record, name recognition and built-in marketing, a franchise can take out a lot of the uncertainty of running a business. And immigrant entrepreneurs often are able to tap their own immigrant community for customers, as well as use the franchise name to broaden that base.A 2006 study by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation of Kansas City, which advocates entrepreneurship, found that immigrants are 30% more likely to become entrepreneurs than are native-born Americans.One reason so many immigrants gravitate toward running their own business may well be because of their experiences with risk, often starting from scratch, says Vivek Wadhwa, an executive in residence at Duke University in Durham, N.C., who has written several papers on immigrants for the foundation and who, after emigrating from India, founded two software companies in the U.S."They've learned what it's like to lose everything," Mr. Wadhwa says. "Once you've done that, you're less afraid of doing it again."Hospitality BusinessThe number of foreign-born franchisees operating in the U.S. businesses isn't known. The International Franchise Association, the sector's leading organization, and major franchisers say they don't keep count.What is known is that some franchised concepts are particularly attractive to immigrants. For example, nearly half of the hotel and motel units in the country -- most of which are franchised -- are run by first- or second-generation East Indians and Pakistanis, according to Fred Schwartz, president of the Asian-American Hotel Owners Association.Anil Chagan is one of them. Raised in South Africa by Indian parents, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1978 at age 24, in part because of the apartheid then embroiling South Africa, where he ran a men's clothing store.Mr. Chagan initially worked at a brother-in-law's motel in East Oakland, Calif. But after two years, he sought to acquire his own. "I couldn't see myself working for somebody else," he says.He purchased a motel in Visalia, Calif., that wasn't affiliated with any of the big national brands. After five years, he converted it to an EconoLodge, a unit of Choice Hotels International Inc., at the chain's invitation. Today, Mr. Chagan's company, Infinite Hospitality, operates two hotel-motels in central California and is building three more. All are franchised, but with various franchisers.Being a franchisee "has been a very significant part of my success," Mr. Chagan says, adding that the affiliation with a national brand helps in obtaining loans and various construction permits.Getting the Message OutOne of the biggest challenges immigrant business owners face -- especially those unfamiliar with local customs -- is understanding what the market wants and then effectively getting their message out."With a franchise," though, says Duke University's Mr. Wadhwa, "that's already done for you."It was RE/MAX International Inc.'s built-in Internet marketing that convinced Shawn Nam, a South Korea native, to sign on with the big real-estate franchiser. When looking up properties on a specific area on the franchiser's Web site, the local franchisee's address pops up. Mr. Nam figured that constructing his own site -- and the marketing to go with it -- would cost him thousands of dollars.Now 39 years old, Mr. Nam immigrated to the U.S. with his parents when he was in high school. "We were looking for a better life," which, he says, included freedom of speech. He worked for his father's janitorial company before enrolling in Rutgers University in New Jersey, dropping out after three years to help support his family. He then set out for a career in real estate.Helping HandThe Situation: Many immigrants look to franchises when opening a business.The Appeal: With its proven track record, name recognition and built-in marketing, a franchise can take out a lot of the uncertainty of running a business.No Guarantees: Cultural and language barriers can still be a challenge.He got a job as an agent at the Prudential Fox & Roach real-estate agency in Voorhees, N.J., and quickly became one the office's leading producers, focusing on the area's large South Korean community, says Paula Goldberg, the agency's vice president. After three years with the Prudential affiliate, Mr. Nam left to start his own agency under the RE/MAX banner, with the Korean community his primary customer target.Mr. Nam had a rough start, though. He believes that several of his agents quit because "they didn't want to work for a Korean. They didn't tell me," he says. "But I can feel it." Today, he counts Koreans, Chinese, Filipinos and East Indians among his agency's employees. Its president is a Palestinian.Making the CutShahin Urias was spurred by the opportunity to do something few women in her native Iran enjoy -- own her own business.Mrs. Urias, who survived bombings and, for a time, lived with her young children in a mud basement-shelter in Tehran during the Iraqi-Iran war in the 1980s, came to the U.S. as a refugee 16 years ago.Her early years here were hardscrabble. She worked in a Luby's cafeteria in Austin, Texas, where, after six months, a cafeteria manager encouraged her to pursue her desire to own a hair salon. At first, Mrs. Urias's poor English kept her out of beauty school, but with her children's help her linguistic skills improved. After 11 months of study, she earned a degree in cosmetology.She started working at a Sports Clips Inc. hair-care franchise in Austin as a part-time stylist. After moving her way up to manager, Mrs. Urias, by then remarried, moved to Tucson, Ariz., and purchased her own Sports Clips franchise -- the first one in that area. While she could have opened an independent shop, Mrs. Urias says she saw advantages in going with a proven concept with a solid market niche and "policies and procedures in place. All the hard work is done."Also, Sports Clips, she says, is a known national brand. So, people who either move to Tucson or are passing through are familiar and comfortable with the brand.Mrs. Urias acknowledges finding bookkeeping and some other aspects of running a business unfamiliar, but says help from Sports Clips is only a phone call away. "Without their support, I would be lost."Although she has had her shop only a few months, Mrs. Urias, 45 years old, has plans to open two more. "I think I'm doing great," she says. "My numbers may not be up there yet, but I'm definitely on the right path."—Mr. Gibson is a writer in Des Moines, Iowa.Write to Richard Gibson at reports@wsj.com